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Explanations of research peptides, solvents and lab work. Each article describes the material, the research in the literature and how it is handled in the lab. All products are intended solely for laboratory research; the articles give no advice on use or dosing.
Bac water: what is bacteriostatic water?
Bac water, short for bacteriostatic water, is the solvent laboratories use to bring freeze-dried (lyophilised) peptides back into solution. This article explains what it is, how it differs from plain sterile water, how long an opened vial lasts and what to look for when you buy it.
Read articleTB-500: what is it and what does research say?
TB-500 is a synthetic peptide derived from thymosin beta-4, a protein found in almost every cell. This article explains what TB-500 is, how it differs from thymosin beta-4, what is studied in cell and animal models, and what to check when you buy TB-500 as research material.
Read articleBPC-157: what is it and what does research say?
BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids, derived from a protein described in human gastric juice. This article explains what BPC-157 is, what is studied in cell and animal models, why a pharmacy does not sell it and what to check when you buy BPC-157 as research material.
Read articleAcetic acid water: dilute acetic acid as a solvent
Acetic acid water is sterile water with a low concentration of acetic acid. Laboratories use it to dissolve peptides that dissolve poorly in neutral water or bac water. This article explains what it is, when you choose it over bac water and how to store it.
Read articleDissolving peptides: reconstitution step by step
Research peptides are supplied as a freeze-dried (lyophilised) powder. Before you can work with it, you bring the powder into solution: reconstitution. This article explains which solvent to choose, how to do it cleanly and carefully, how to calculate the concentration and how to store the solution afterwards. It is a lab procedure, for laboratory research only.
Read articleReading a lab report: the certificate of analysis
A certificate of analysis (COA) shows what a laboratory measured in one lot of a research peptide. This article explains what purity (HPLC), identity (MS) and measured content mean, why the lot number matters and how to spot an unreliable report.
Read articleNAD+: what is it and what is being studied?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. This article explains what NAD+ is, how it relates to NADH and to precursors such as NMN and NR, what research focuses on and how to store and assess NAD+ as research material.
Read articleWhat are peptides?
A peptide is a short chain of amino acids. Peptides occur throughout nature and are studied widely in laboratories. This article explains how a peptide is built, how it differs from a protein, how research peptides are made and what the names and abbreviations mean.
Read articleBuying research peptides in the Netherlands: what to look for
You buy research peptides from a supplier of laboratory materials, not from a pharmacy or chemist. The online offer is large and quality varies. This article covers the points that make the difference: a certificate per lot, the right analyses, a clear label, storage and shipping.
Read articleChoosing a strength: 5 mg, 10 mg or more?
Many research peptides come in several strengths, such as 5 mg and 10 mg per vial. The strength is the amount of peptide in the vial, not the concentration. This article explains how to compare the price per mg, what the strength means for the concentration of your solution and why a larger vial is not always the best choice.
Read articleStoring peptides: fridge, freezer, light and moisture
How long a research peptide keeps depends mainly on its form (powder or solution), temperature, light and moisture. This article explains how to store freeze-dried peptides and solutions, why you do not open a cold vial straight away and how to tell that a solution can no longer be used.
Read articleFreeze-dried or dissolved: why peptides come as a powder
Research peptides are almost always supplied as a freeze-dried powder, not as a ready-made solution. There is a reason: in dry form a peptide stays stable far longer. This article explains what freeze-drying (lyophilisation) is, why the powder sometimes looks different than you expect and when to dissolve a vial.
Read articleHPLC purity: what do 98% and 99% mean?
Almost every research peptide comes with a purity, such as 98% or 99%, measured by HPLC. But what does that number mean exactly, and what does it not tell you? This article explains how an HPLC measurement works, how to read a chromatogram and why you also look at the mass and the content.
Read articleGHK-Cu: what is the copper peptide?
GHK-Cu is a complex of the tripeptide glycyl-histidyl-lysine (GHK) and a copper ion. It is one of the best-described small peptides in the literature. This article explains how it is built, what has been studied in cell and animal models, why the powder is blue and what to look for when buying.
Read articleSemax and Selank: two heptapeptides explained
Semax and Selank are often mentioned together. Both are synthetic peptides of seven amino acids, developed in Russia, with the same Pro-Gly-Pro end. Their origin differs: Semax derives from a fragment of ACTH, Selank from tuftsin. This article explains how they are built, what has been studied in animal models and what to look for when storing and buying.
Read articleCJC-1295 and ipamorelin: a GHRH analogue and a ghrelin receptor agonist
CJC-1295 and ipamorelin are often mentioned together and are also sold together in one vial. They are different peptides, which the literature links to two different receptors. This article explains what they are, how CJC-1295 with and without DAC differ, and what to look for when storing and buying.
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